Tells the VM to start recording all the emitted events. To access them, use getRecordedLogs.
vm.recordLogs(); // Start recording logs
raffle.performUpkeep(""); // Call function that emits event log
Vm.Log[] memory entries = vm.getRecordedLogs(); // Store emitted log
// Access stored log by knowing exactly which logs are emitted
// .topics[0] would refer to the entire event
// .topics[1] is for the first actual topic
// All logs are recorded as bytes32 in foundry
bytes32 requestId = entries[1].topics[1];
expectEmit
Assert a specific log is emitted during the next call.
function expectEmit() external;
function expectEmit(
bool checkTopic1,
bool checkTopic2,
bool checkTopic3,
bool checkData
) external;
function expectEmit(address emitter) external;
function expectEmit(
bool checkTopic1,
bool checkTopic2,
bool checkTopic3,
bool checkData,
address emitter
) external;
Call the cheat code, specifying whether we should check the first, second or third topic, and the log data (expectEmit() checks them all). Topic 0 is always checked.
Emit the event we are supposed to see during the next call.
Perform the call.
You can perform steps 1 and 2 multiple times to match a sequence of events in the next call.
If the event is not available in the current scope (e.g. if we are using an interface, or an external smart contract), we can define the event ourselves with an identical event signature.
There are 2 varieties of expectEmit:
Without checking the emitter address: Asserts the topics match without checking the emitting address.
With address: Asserts the topics match and that the emitting address matches.
Matching sequences
In functions that emit a lot of events, it's possible to "skip" events and only match a specific sequence, but this sequence must always be in order. As an example, let's say a function emits events: A, B, C, D, E, F, F, G.
expectEmit will be able to match ranges with and without skipping events in between:
[A, B, C] is valid.
[B, D, F] is valid.
[G] or any other single event combination is valid.
[B, A] or similar out-of-order combinations are invalid (events must be in order).
[C, F, F] is valid.
[F, F, C] is invalid (out of order).
expectEmit Examples
Just check that an event happens but no details about it
// The first parameter: Whether to check the event signature.
// The second parameter: Whether to check the indexed parameters (topics) of the event.
// The third parameter: Whether to check the unindexed parameters (data) of the event.
// The fourth parameter: Whether to check the event data's values.
vm.expectEmit(true, true, true, false); // `false` for data means we don't care about the value
emit IAavePM.Rebalanced(0); // The data is a placeholder and not checked
This does not check the emitting address.
event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 amount);
function testERC20EmitsTransfer() public {
vm.expectEmit();
// We emit the event we expect to see.
emit MyToken.Transfer(address(this), address(1), 10);
// We perform the call.
myToken.transfer(address(1), 10);
}
This does check the emitting address.
event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 amount);
function testERC20EmitsTransfer() public {
// We check that the token is the event emitter by passing the address.
vm.expectEmit(address(myToken));
emit MyToken.Transfer(address(this), address(1), 10);
// We perform the call.
myToken.transfer(address(1), 10);
}
We can also assert that multiple events are emitted in a single call.
function testERC20EmitsBatchTransfer() public {
// We declare multiple expected transfer events
for (uint256 i = 0; i < users.length; i++) {
// Here we use the longer signature for demonstration purposes. This call checks
// topic0 (always checked), topic1 (true), topic2 (true), NOT topic3 (false), and data (true).
vm.expectEmit(true, true, false, true);
emit Transfer(address(this), users[i], 10);
}
// We also expect a custom `BatchTransfer(uint256 numberOfTransfers)` event.
vm.expectEmit(false, false, false, true);
emit BatchTransfer(users.length);
// We perform the call.
myToken.batchTransfer(users, 10);
}
This example fails, as the expected event is not emitted on the next call.
event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 amount);
function testERC20EmitsTransfer() public {
// We check that the token is the event emitter by passing the address as the fifth argument.
vm.expectEmit(true, true, false, true, address(myToken));
emit MyToken.Transfer(address(this), address(1), 10);
// We perform an unrelated call that won't emit the intended event,
// making the cheatcode fail.
myToken.approve(address(this), 1e18);
// We perform the call, but it will have no effect as the cheatcode has already failed.
myToken.transfer(address(1), 10);
}
envUint
Read an environment variable as uint256 or uint256[].
